In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla extract.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir until just combined. Do not overmix; a few lumps are perfectly fine.
Gently fold the blueberries into the batter.
Heat a lightly greased nonstick skillet or griddle over medium heat.
Pour about ¼ cup of batter onto the hot skillet for each pancake.
Cook for 2–3 minutes, until bubbles form on the surface and the edges begin to set.
Flip and cook for another 1–2 minutes, until golden brown and cooked through.
Repeat with the remaining batter, adding more butter or cooking spray as needed.
Serve warm with your favorite toppings.